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Research

Evolution of
mid-tier accountancy firms

ICAEW's latest research reveals how, against a backdrop of political and economic uncertainty, firms are navigating change, pursuing opportunities and supporting their clients’ growth.

What is shaping the mid-tier?

Chartered accountancy firms have long served as trusted advisors to businesses, but they also have their own unique set of challenges. Run for the second year, this year's research again asked UK mid-tier firms to share their thoughts on the key issues impacting the profession and what these mean for the future. The research highlights five key themes:
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Growth

The UK Government identified the professional services sector as one of eight key industries to accelerate economic growth.

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Firm structure

M&A activity is driven by the desire to expand client base, secure the skills and talent needed to stay competitive and support succession planning.

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Talent and skills

The focus of firms is on developing and acquiring the right skills.

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Technology

Data management, business intelligence, cybersecurity and risk management are the main areas for investment.

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Service lines

In a significant shift from 2024, ESG is emerging as a strategic priority for firms.

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Unparalleled insight

This year’s ICAEW research on the evolution of mid-tier accountancy firms explores key themes shaping the profession in 2025, including structural shifts, talent strategies, technology, and emerging service line offerings. Against a backdrop of political and economic uncertainty, regulatory complexity and rapid technological advancement, the research highlights how firms are navigating change, pursuing opportunities and supporting their clients’ growth.

ICAEW invited Managing Partners and CEOs of UK mid-tier member firms, with between 11 and 249 principals, to take part in the research between February and March 2025.

While the 36 firms which took part this year were, on average, larger than those participating in the research reported on in 2024, they represent a broad cross-section of the mid-tier and therefore provide a solid and credible basis for comparison and insight. 69% of the respondents employ at least 250 staff (2024: 55%) and although the number of partners per firm varied, they were split roughly equally across the smaller (up to 20 partners), medium (21 to 50 partners) and larger (over 50 partners) size firms in the mid-tier. On average, partners accounted for 9% (2024: 10%) of total staff.

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Top three contributors to growth in the most recently completed financial year

TOP THREE MACRO TRENDS IMPACTING THE ACCOUNTANCY PROFESSION

Top three contributors to growth in the most recently completed financial year

Growth

The professional services sector is firmly in the spotlight, identified by the UK Government as one of eight key industries to accelerate economic growth. All respondent firms reported fee growth in the last financial year, which was primarily driven by an increase in new clients, some of which, in turn, was driven by merger and acquisition (M&A) activity. However, they also faced obstacles to growth, including limited access to skills and an increasingly complex regulatory landscape.

Several macro trends continue to influence the profession, with private equity investment (PEI) emerging as the most significant, followed by evolving regulatory and compliance requirements and the impact of generative AI.

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Firm structures

Consolidation activity continues at pace among mid-tier firms. This trend is driven by firms’ desire to expand their client base and secure the skills and talent needed to stay competitive and support succession planning.

Acquisitions have emerged as the leading form of consolidation, with nearly half of firms completing one in the past year. These acquisitions are widely seen as strategic opportunities to scale up, expand capabilities, and strengthen service offerings.

Private equity (PE) interest in the sector remains high, with one-quarter of respondent firms now PE backed, and some non-PE backed firms considering PE investment within the next three years. Conversely, a significant number of firms choose to remain independent to preserve their culture and long-term strategy, despite interest from PE houses.

 
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Consolidation activity

THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF ACQUISITIONS

Consolidation activity

93% of independent firms have reported being approached by at least one PE house in the past three years.

Talent and skills

Talent remains a critical focus area. In the findings reported in 2024, the recruitment and retention of qualified staff were reported as the top talent challenges. However, this year there is a shift towards developing and acquiring the right skills.

Firms recognise that the pace of technological change together with the evolving demands of clients require accountants to have a wider and more agile skillset. Whether through internal training or strategic hiring, firms are investing in their people.

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Top three talent challenges faced by firms

TOP THREE TALENT CHALLENGES FACED BY FIRMS

Top three talent challenges faced by firms

Technology strategy should go hand in hand with HR strategy.

Technology investment priorities for the next three years

TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT PRIORITIES FOR THE NEXT THREE YEARS

Technology investment priorities for the next three years

Technology

Data management and business intelligence, as well as cybersecurity and risk management, are the main areas that firms identified for investment. The pace of technological change remains a major concern, and firms recognise the ongoing imperative to continually train staff to keep pace with emerging and enhanced technologies. Despite these challenges, firms remain focused on leveraging technology to build resilient, future-ready practices.

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Service lines

Traditional services remain the pillars of the firms’ offering. Nevertheless, many are now focusing on expanding into rapidly growing fields such as Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) and tech / app advisory. ESG is emerging as a strategic priority, with firms exploring how to shape their offerings and equip their teams with the knowledge needed to support clients. This marks a significant shift from the findings reported in 2024, when only a small minority of firms viewed ESG as a top growth opportunity.

Conversely, Public Interest Entity (PIE) audit remains an area of low appeal. The high regulatory and compliance demands, strategic misalignment and the substantial investment required for upskilling deter firms from venturing into this area.

 
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Service line offerings

SERVICE LINE OFFERINGS

Service line offerings

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