– refer to Application Programme Interfaces that enable the flow of information between applications. An API would allow an AI chatbot to connect to a LLM by a third-party service provider.

- are computer programs or algorithms that simulate the behaviour of neurons in the brain. ANNs are a subset of machine learning and have enabled deep learning progress by enabling training at multi-layer neural network levels. 

Read more:

• Deep Learning: What is it really? | ICAEW

– refers to a process of learning for computers. Computer models are exposed to large volumes data which is compared to expected outcomes to continuously refine their "thinking” and enable learning. 

Read more:

• Deep Learning: What is it really? | ICAEW

– refers to an ultra-realistic video or audio of a person in which they are made to say or do something that is fake. Wider availability of amplified processing power and larger data sets means that creating a deepfake is remarkably straightforward.  

Read more:

• What are deepfakes and how can you spot them | ICAEW

- are large machine learning models trained on large volumes of data at scale. These models are capable of a range of general tasks. OpenAI’s GPT is an example of a foundation model. 

Read more:

• https://www.adalovelaceinstitute.org/resource/foundation-models-explainer/

GitHub is a code hosting platform allowing developers to store and manage their code for version control and collaboration. 

Read more:

• https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/hello-world

- stands for Generative Pre-trained Transformer. GPT is an example of a large language model created by OpenAI that has been trained on a large volume of data that underpins it’s chatbot- ChatGPT. 

– refer to Large Language Models that have been trained on a large volume of text-based data. Sources of data usually differ depending on the LLM. The algorithms underpinning the LLMs are able to analyse the data and probabilities so when the model is given a prompt, for example in the form of a question, the model is able to generate an answer. 

Read more:

• ChatGPT and LLMs: what's the risk - NCSC.GOV.UK

- refers to publicly available AI models trained on a large volume of data from various sources. OpenAI’s GPT is an example of a public model. Providers of public models control how input information is stored and incorporated into future versions of the models.  

Read more:

• ChatGPT and LLMs: what's the risk - NCSC.GOV.UK 

- Human brains learn from experience through synaptic plasticity. Deep learning models that are trained with large volumes of data and new algorithms learn in a similar way. These models are based on human synapse-style relationships. 
 

• Deep Learning: What is it really? | ICAEW